ʻO ka ʻoihana keleawe, ʻo ia ka ʻoihana nui i luna o ka uea a me ka ʻoihana kelepona, ua hui pū me nā "pilikia kūloko a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe" i nā makahiki i hala.Ma kekahiʻaoʻao, ke ulu nei ka hoʻokūkū o nā hoa, a ma kekahiʻaoʻao, ua hoʻoweliweli pūʻia e nā mea pani.
E like me kā mākou ʻike a pau, ʻo ke keleawe he kumu waiwai waiwai nui o ka ʻāina, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu keleawe i kēia manawa, hiki i nā mines keleawe i hōʻoia ʻia e Kina ke hoʻokō wale i ka ʻai ʻana o 5 mau makahiki.I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻoihana kelepona kūloko ma mua o 5 miliona mau keleawe, ʻoi aku ma mua o 60%.I mea e hoʻokō ai i ka koi mau, pono ka ʻāina i kēia manawa e hoʻolilo i ka nui o nā haole i kēlā me kēia makahiki e lawe mai i ke keleawe, e helu ana ma kahi o 3/5 o ka hoʻohana keleawe.
Ma ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka noi ʻana o ka ʻoihana non-ferrous, ka uila, ka waiwai waiwai, ka lawe ʻana (ka nui o ka automotive), nā mīkini a me nā mea uila nā ʻāpana nui.Ma waena o nā metala i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, ma kahi o 30% o ka alumini i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka waiwai, a ma kahi o 23% i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lawe ʻana (akā ka nui o nā kaʻa);Ma kahi o 45% o ke keleawe i hoʻohana ʻia i nā māla mana a me nā kaula;Ma kahi o 6% o ke kēpau i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaula kaula;Hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo Zinc i nā hale, nā alahaka, nā paipu, a me nā alaloa a me nā ala kaʻaahi.
ʻO ka lua, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka uea home a me ka ʻoihana kelepona, ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ke keleawe, i hui pū ʻia me nā kumu alumini i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā kumu keleawe - aia nā kumu waiwai bauxite o Kina ma kahi pae waena, me 310 mau wahi hana. puunaueia ma 19 mau panalaau.He 2.27 biliona tons ka nui o nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka honua - no laila, ua loaʻa i ka ʻoihana keleawe kekahi hopena.
Ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū ʻoihana keleawe kūloko
ʻO ka poʻe komo nui i ka ʻoihana hoʻoheʻeheʻe keleawe he kapikala kūʻokoʻa a me ke kapikala ʻē aʻe, akā ʻimi mau ke kapikala pilikino i nā pōmaikaʻi no ka wā pōkole, a ʻo ka hoʻoheʻe ʻana i ke keleawe he koi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopukapuka mua a me nā koi ʻenehana, i hui pū ʻia me nā kānāwai koʻikoʻi o ka mokuʻāina i nā kūlana komo ʻoihana, ka paepae. ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia, ka pāpā ʻana i ke kūkulu hou ʻana i ka pae haʻahaʻa a me ka wā kūkulu lōʻihi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke komo ke kapikala pilikino i ka ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe keleawe ma kahi nui.He kumu waiwai hoʻolālā aupuni ke keleawe, he koʻikoʻi nui ia i ka palekana o ka ʻāina, he palena koʻikoʻi ko ka mokuʻāina i ke komo ʻana o ke kapikala o nā ʻāina ʻē, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kapikala haole i ka ʻoihana hana keleawe.No laila, ma ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka poʻe komo i nā hui keleawe nui o kēia manawa.
I kēia manawa, ke kū nei ka ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe keleawe a me ka hana ʻana i kēia manawa i ka nui o nā ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi, i ka makahiki 2012, nā ʻoihana nui i ka ʻoihana i helu ʻia no 5,48%, nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi he 13,87%, nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi he 80,65%.ʻAʻole lawa ka ikaika o ka R&D holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻoihana, ke emi mālie nei ka waiwai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe keleawe i loko o ka ʻoihana hana keleawe ma ke ʻano nui, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mākeke o nā ʻoihana a me ka mana hana o nā huahana haʻahaʻa. a me ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomohala kūlana quo.I ka hoʻomohala lōʻihi o ka ʻoihana hana keleawe o Kina, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi mau hui ʻoihana nui e like me Jinlong, Jintian a me Hailiang, a ua puka pū kekahi o nā hui i helu ʻia e like me Jiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous Metal a me Jingcheng Copper.Ua hoʻokō maikaʻi nā hui ʻoihana nui i ka hui ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi, a ua komo nā ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe kūloko i nā ʻoihana hana keleawe ma kahi nui.
Nui nā hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻoihana keleawe
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana keleawe e kū pū ana me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe.Ma muli o ka ulu wikiwiki o ka koi keleawe a me ka nele o nā kumu keleawe, ua kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana keleawe ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a loli no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ua mau ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻoihana keleawe i lalo, no laila ke kiʻekiʻe ka nui o nā huahana keleawe. Loaʻa i ka ʻoihana o lalo ka manaʻo e ʻimi i nā mea ʻē aʻe.Ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā huahana keleawe, pinepine ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi.E like me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka fiber optical no ka uea keleawe i ka ʻoihana kamaʻilio, ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke alumini no ke keleawe i ka ʻoihana mana, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka alumini no ke keleawe i loko o ke kahua refrigeration.Ke hoʻomau nei nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hōʻemi ka mākeke i ka koi o ka mea kūʻai aku no ke keleawe.ʻOiai i ka wā pōkole, ʻaʻole e hoʻololi nā mea ʻokoʻa i ka liʻiliʻi o nā kumu keleawe, a e hoʻomau ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana keleawe, akā i ka wā lōʻihi, ʻo ka nui o ka noi no ka ʻoihana keleawe e hoʻoweliweli.No ka laʻana, i ka ʻoihana hoʻohana keleawe, ʻo ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻenehana "aluminium copper" a me ka "aluminium copper substitute", a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke ʻano o ka "mālamalama i ke keleawe retreat" e loaʻa i ka hopena nui i ka koi no ke keleawe.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ke keleawe, ke hoʻomau nei ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waiwai o ka ʻoihana kelepona, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana kelepona home "copper with aluminum", "aluminium ma kahi o ke keleawe".A lawe kekahi mau hui uwea i nā ʻāina o ke Komohana ma ke ʻano he laʻana - ʻo ka United States Electrical Installation Code 2008 (NEC) Article 310 “General wire requirement” e kuhikuhi ana i ka mea conductor o ka conductor he keleawe, copper-clad alumini a alumini (alloy) uea.I ka manawa like, ua wehewehe ka mokuna i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka alumini keleawe a me ke keleawe, nā alumini (alloy) uea, ke ʻano o nā uea, nā kūlana noi a me ka hiki ke lawe ma lalo o nā kūlana like ʻole - e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole hiki i nā huahana kelepona alumini ke hōʻoia i ka paʻa. ka hana, akā ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana, ka lawe ʻana a me nā kumu kūʻai ʻē aʻe he haʻahaʻa loa, aia kekahi hopena i ka ʻoihana keleawe.
ʻOiai, i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka ʻoihana kelepona home ke hoʻomohala e like me ka makemake o ka mākeke a i ʻole makemake nui ʻia e nā mea hoʻohana i nā huahana "aluminium ma kahi o ke keleawe", akā ʻo ke kumu nui ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi huahana ʻenehana noiʻi a ʻAʻole i oʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe ʻo nā mea hoʻohana kelepona home aia nō i ke kaʻina kali-a-ʻike.Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana "aluminum-substituted copper" a me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o nā huahana, e loaʻa ka hopena nui i ka ʻoihana keleawe.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomohala ka moku'āina i nā kūlana he nui e hāpai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana alumini.No ka laʻana, ua hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o ka uea alumini keleawe a Kina mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 21, i kēia manawa ua hoʻomohala ʻo Kina i nā kūlana ʻoihana keleawe-ʻaʻahu alumini uea a me ke keleawe-ʻaʻahu alumini uea kūloko he nui.No ka laʻana, ʻo ka maʻamau ʻoihana uila o Kina SJ/T 11223-2000 "Copper clad aluminum wire" maʻamau no ka hoʻohana like ʻole o ka ASTM B566-1993 "copper clad aluminum wire" maʻamau, e kuhikuhi ana i nā koi hana hoʻolālā no nā conductors alumini ʻaʻahu keleawe mea uila me ka uwea a me ke kaula.Eia kekahi, ua hoʻopuka ʻo Liaoning Province i kahi kūlana kūloko ma mua o 2008: DB21 / T 1622-2008 J11218-2008 "Copper clad aluminum wire and cable technical specifications" (i kākau ʻia e ka Design and Research Institute of Northeastern University).ʻO ka hope loa, i ka makahiki 2009, ua hoʻopuka ʻo Xinjiang Autonomous Region i nā kūlana kūloko: DB65 / T 3032-2009 "Rated voltage 450/750V Copper-clad aluminum composite core PVC insulated cable" a me DB65 / T 3033-2009 "Rated voltage 0.6/1kV and below. -ʻaʻahu alumini composite core extruded insulated mana uwea”.
ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ʻo ka mea hoʻolako waiwai maka nui loa o ka ʻoihana kelepona - ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻoihana keleawe i nā pilikia mai loko a me waho.Ma kekahiʻaoʻao,ʻo ka nele o nā kumu waiwai keleawe home, ma kaʻaoʻao'ē aʻe,ʻo kaʻenehana uwea "aluminium saving copper" ke hoʻoikaika mau nei i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohalaʻana, no laila, kahi e hele ai kaʻoihana keleawe i ka wā e hiki mai ana, akā pono nō hoʻi. e ho'āʻo pū i nā mākeke ma luna a ma lalo.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-28-2024